Sherpas are Nepalese with a Tibetan ethnic background, primarily residing in the Eastern Himalayan region of Nepal, though some live in the Western region as well. They typically inhabit altitudes between 3,000 and 5,000 meters above sea level. Sharing their culture, religion, and language with Tibetan natives, Sherpas are celebrated for their mountaineering prowess and their remarkable ability to adapt to high-altitude environments with thin oxygen.

Westerners and visitors hold Sherpas in high regard for their strong work ethic. For centuries, they have guided mountaineers to the summits and provided logistical support by carrying essential supplies. However, Sherpas are not just guides; they are a community with a rich and vibrant culture and history. Let’s delve deeper into the fascinating world of the Sherpas.

History of the Sherpa People

The Sherpas, originally nomadic people from Kham, an eastern Tibetan region, derive their name from the Tibetan words “Shar” (East) and “Pa” (People), meaning “people from the east.” Due to political instability, they migrated to the Solukhumbu region of Nepal in the 15th century, an area within the Mahalangur Himal range of the Tibetan Plateau.

According to Sherpa oral history, four groups migrated from Kham, forming the four major Sherpa clans: Minyakpa, Lamsherwa, Thimmi, and Chawa. These clans further divided into over 20 sub-clans. Historically, their main occupations included trading salt and wool, shepherding yaks and cows, and farming potatoes, buckwheat, and barley. Today, Sherpas are recognized as an indigenous ethnic group in Nepal’s Himalayan region.

Places Where Sherpas Live

While most Sherpas live in eastern Nepal, some reside in the western region. Here are some places where Sherpas can be found:

• Solukhumbu
• Bigu
• Helambu
• Khatra
• Rolwaling
• Kama
• Barun
• Tibet
• Bhutan
• Sikkim and Darjeeling in India

Are Sherpa Guides the Best for Trekkers?

Absolutely! Sherpas are world-renowned for their navigation skills and local expertise, being natives of Nepal’s Himalayan regions. They are intimately familiar with the terrain, weather conditions, and high-altitude challenges. Their knowledge of local culture and traditions allows trekkers to deeply immerse themselves in the history, culture, and customs of the areas they explore.

Most Sherpa guides are fluent in English and some speak multiple languages, facilitating effective communication with trekkers. Genetically adapted to high-altitude conditions, Sherpas can naturally acclimatize, offering invaluable guidance and support during high-altitude treks and mountain expeditions. They are also trained in first-aid safety, providing crucial assistance in emergencies.

Sherpas are known for their strong work ethic, impeccable support, and assistance. They understand the risks of the mountains and prioritize the safety of their clients. Their determination and resilience make them exceptional guides, offering vital logistical support and ensuring a safe and enriching trekking experience.

Mountaineering & Sherpas

While many foreigners often generalize all Sherpas as mountaineers, this isn’t entirely accurate. Although a significant number of Sherpas work as mountain guides, many also serve as porters and provide logistical support. They are accustomed to hiking on the rugged and diverse trails of the Himalayas, carrying heavy loads and equipment. Being locals, they possess extensive knowledge of terrain navigation and the mountains.

Sherpas have lived in the Himalayas for centuries, and their bodies have developed genetic adaptations to endure high elevations and harsh conditions. Unlike most people, Sherpas produce high amounts of nitric oxide, which promotes stronger blood flow and keeps them energized. Their bodies also use oxygen more efficiently and have lower fat oxidation, which generates energy. These genetic adaptations enable them to function normally even at high altitudes with thin oxygen levels.

The association between mountaineering and Sherpas began in the early 20th century when European explorers started mountain expeditions in the Himalayas. This opened a new source of income for Sherpas, who had traditionally engaged in trading, shepherding, and farming. Their in-depth knowledge made Sherpa guides, porters, and support staff indispensable to mountain expedition teams, cementing the close relationship between mountaineering and Sherpas.

Sherpas on Everest

Yes, you can find Sherpas on Everest. They reside in the eastern Himalayan region of Nepal and are legendary mountaineers, guides, and support staff in the Everest region. Sherpas are part of most Mount Everest expedition teams due to their expertise and skills in navigating challenging trails and treacherous terrains. Their mental grit and determination are crucial for conquering peaks.

Tenzing Norgay Sherpa and Sir Edmund Hillary were among the first to successfully summit Mount Everest on May 29, 1953. Other notable Sherpas include Pasang Lhamu Sherpa, the first Nepalese woman to reach Everest’s summit, Lakpa Sherpa, the first Nepalese woman to climb and descend Everest successfully in 2000, and Babu Chiri, who holds two records related to Everest.

Sherpas are the behind-the-scenes heroes who do the heavy lifting during Everest expeditions. They are the pillars that support these teams in successfully summiting the mountain and safely returning. Their intimate knowledge of the hill ensures that you will always find Sherpas on Everest.

Traditions and Culture

Sherpas migrated from Kham, Tibet, and their traditions and culture are strongly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism. They share Tibetan culture and language and follow many Tibetan customs. Here are some elements of Sherpa traditions and culture:

Sherpa Clothing and Jewelry

The traditional clothing of Sherpas showcases their vibrant culture and heritage. Their clothing combines various colors, patterns, and textures, designed to protect them from the harsh weather conditions in the Himalayas. These clothing items are warm and comfortable. Traditional Sherpa clothing includes:

• Chuba: A long, thick wool robe-like garment that keeps the wearer warm in freezing temperatures.
• Pangden: An apron worn by married Sherpa women, signifying their marital status.
• Woolen Jackets: Worn for warmth and paired with inner layers.
• Traditional Boots: Made from yak leather and wool.
• Hats: With ear flaps, made from yak wool.

Sherpas are not only exceptional guides but also a community with a rich and vibrant culture and history. Their contributions to mountaineering and their unique traditions make them an integral part of the Himalayan region.

Sherpa dance and music

Sherpas have beautiful traditional dances and music, along with their unique culture. Syabru and Yolmo are famous dance forms accompanied by rhythmic drums and cymbals. Sherpas wear their traditional colorful dresses during the dance. Men and women synchronize their movements and footwork, resulting in graceful movements tuned to the instruments. They are usually performed during religious festivals or celebratory events. 

Syabru dance represents their ancient tale through their beautiful dance movements. Meanwhile, the Yolmo is a simple dance form. It is performed during religious festivals. The other dance forms include the Lhosar dance (performed during Tibetan New Year), Cham dance (performed during festivals), and Kyangdi dance (danced during auspicious events). These traditional dances and music have been passed on to the Sherpas from generation to generation. 

Sherpa Language

The Sherpa people speak the Tibeto-Burman language. Its origins go back to their ancient Tibetan heritage. Their language is closely related to the Tibetan Lhasa dialect but has its unique vocabulary and phonetics. Sherpas in different regions speak with different dialects and can vary in pronunciation, vocabulary, or intonation. Despite the variation, their language connects them with their history and life in the Himalayas. Hence, they are also known as guardians of the Himalayas. 

They speak their language in everyday communication but are also fluent in Nepali. Most Sherpas work as mountaineers and guides and speak English and other multi-languages. Their native language is significant for communication but has a deeper meaning. Sherpa language is often used during ceremonies and rituals.

Sherpa festival

The rich culture and traditions of the Sherpas also include vibrant and beautiful festivals. Their festivals are deeply rooted in their beliefs and cultural heritage. Some of the grandest festivals of Sherpas are Losar, Mani Rimdu, Dumji, Saga Dawa, and Lhabab Duchen. Each festival has significance and is essential to their religion, customs, and spiritual beliefs. 

Losar: The Losar festival marks the beginning of the Tibetan New Year, and Sherpas celebrate it with dancing, singing, feasting, and praying. There are religious ceremonies in monasteries for good fortune and blessings. 

Mani Rimdu: It is the biggest religious festival celebrated at the Tengboche Monastery of the Khumbu region. The festival is celebrated for several days with ritual and masked dances. Mani Rimdu represents the victory of good over evil, and Sherpas pray and seek blessings from Guru Rinpoche. 

Dumji: The festival celebrates the birth of Guru Rinpoche, the founder of Tibetan Buddhism. Monasteries all over the country celebrate this auspicious occasion with Cham dances. Sherpas come together to sing, dance, and enjoy communal feasts. 

Saga Dawa: The festival celebrates Gautam Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, and death (parinirvana). Participants visit monasteries, pray, and offer generous charity to monks or people in need. 

Lhabab Duchen: The festival commemorates Budha’s descent from Tushita heaven. He made his descent after teaching his mother and other celestial beings. Hence, Lhabab Duchen is an important festival for the Sherpas.

Sherpa food

The Sherpas also have many unique and flavorful cuisines that will delight your taste buds. Their dishes mainly use ingredients like potatoes, barley, yak meat, etc., which are easily found in the harsh and cold regions of the Himalayas. These dishes are made in traditional ways and full of nourishment. They are a culinary delight and warm, hearty, and energizing.

There are many famous Sherpa dishes. Momo, or dumplings, are made with minced vegetables and meat steamed or fried. Thukpa is a warm soup noodle consisting of vegetables, spices, and meat. Similarly, Sherpa stew is made with various vegetables, sometimes meat, species, noodles, or dough. Tsampa is a dish with roasted barley flour mainly paired with butter tea. Chhurpi is a delicious Sherpa delicacy made from yak milk. It is a chewy cheese and is often consumed as a snack.

Sherpa food

The Sherpa people also have many unique and flavorful cuisines that will delight your taste buds. Their dishes mainly use ingredients like potatoes, barley, yak meat, etc., which are easily found in the harsh and cold regions of the Himalayas. These dishes are made in traditional ways and full of nourishment. They are a culinary delight and warm, hearty, and energizing.

There are many famous Sherpa dishes. Momo, or dumplings, are made with minced vegetables and meat steamed or fried. Thukpa is a warm soup noodle consisting of vegetables, spices, and meat. Similarly, Sherpa stew is made with various vegetables, sometimes meat, species, noodles, or dough. Tsampa is a dish with roasted barley flour mainly paired with butter tea. Chhurpi is a delicious Sherpa delicacy made from yak milk. It is a chewy cheese and is often consumed as a snack. 

Challenges Faced by Sherpas

Physical challenges

Although Sherpa people are used to high altitude and low oxygen levels, they are exposed to many risks and injuries. The weather is unpredictable, and temperatures can drop below freezing in higher regions. So, they are exposed to the risks of frostbite, hypothermia, and altitude sickness. They ascend to high elevations carrying heavy loads and navigating treacherous terrains. It is a risky job that can even lead to their death.

Long-term exposure to high altitudes and harsh weather can lead to health problems and chronic illnesses in the Sherpas. Many Sherpas have also lost their lives during mountain expeditions. The high mountains are prone to disasters such as avalanches, landslides, snow storms, etc.

Economic Challenges

Sherpas face significant economic challenges despite the risks they take during mountaineering. While many receive decent wages, these are often insufficient to cover the dangers and risks associated with their job. Mountaineering and guiding are seasonal, leading to financial instability. Additionally, Sherpas often have to pay for their own insurance, which is costly due to the high-risk nature of their work. This combination of underpaid wages and high insurance costs creates substantial economic difficulties for Sherpas.

Social Challenges

The recent tourism boom has increased mountaineering and trekking in Nepal, putting additional pressure on Sherpas. They often work in dangerous conditions, providing logistical support and carrying heavy loads on challenging terrains. The growing industry has also led to the loss of traditional Sherpa occupations and lifestyles, causing stress for Sherpas and their families.

Lack of Recognition

Sherpas often do not receive the recognition they deserve. Their hard work and support are crucial to the success of mountaineering expeditions, yet they remain the unsung heroes. They perform risky tasks, navigate treacherous paths, and carry essential equipment, ensuring the safety and success of climbers.

The tourism boom has also led to overcrowding on Mount Everest, with many commercial companies bringing unqualified and inexperienced climbers. Sherpas are left to guide and support these climbers, risking their lives to ensure their safety. Despite their vital role, Sherpas deserve more recognition and appreciation for their contributions to mountaineering.

Would you like to explore more about the Sherpa People’s contributions to mountaineering or their cultural heritage?

Culture and Traditions

Gurung culture is vibrant and colorful. They celebrate various festivals throughout the year, including Tamu Losar, their New Year. This is a joyous occasion marked by feasting and merriment. Another important festival is Tihar, where children take center stage, dancing in the streets and bringing life to the celebrations.

Traditional Gurung attire is both stylish and practical. Men typically wear a vest and a long piece of cloth, while women adorn themselves in a velvet top and a sari skirt. These garments reflect the Gurung’s appreciation for comfort and functionality.

A Culinary Journey

Gurung cuisine is a delightful exploration of flavors and textures. Dhindo, a staple dish made from flour and water, is a must-try for anyone interested in experiencing Gurung food. This wet dough is often served with a variety of curries and chutneys, creating a delicious and satisfying meal.

The Gurungs are a people with a proud heritage and a deep connection to their land. Their culture, history, and traditions continue to be an essential part of Nepal’s rich tapestry.

Gurung Origins

Pinpointing the exact origin of the Gurung people remains somewhat of a mystery. While some theories suggest they emerged from the southern slopes of the Annapurna range in western Nepal, as documented in “People of Nepal,” conclusive evidence remains elusive.

Despite their Mongoloid features, the Gurung people possess distinct characteristics that set them apart from their Tibetan neighbors. Interestingly, they share closer ethnic ties with the Magars and Thakalis, fellow inhabitants of the majestic Himalayan Mountains.

A Land Steeped in Heritage: The Gurung Homeland

Traditionally, the Gurungs called the Gandaki Province, encompassing the vibrant city of Pokhara and the foothills of the Annapurna Conservation Area, their home. This region, dotted with renowned villages like Ghandruk and Tangting, cradled their earliest settlements. However, in the modern Nepali landscape, Gurung communities have flourished throughout the country.

Delving Deeper: The Gurung Caste of Nepal

Building on our introduction to the Gurungs, let’s delve deeper into their unique society, exploring their internal structure, language, and religious beliefs.

Beyond Caste: Clans and Social Structure

While traditionally the Gurungs didn’t have a caste system, outside influences have led to a more complex social structure. There are two main divisions:

• Plighi/Char-jat (Four Clans): This system consists of four exogamous clans – Gurung, Lama, Gharti, and Pun. Marriage within a clan is forbidden.
• Kuhgi/Sora-jat (Sixteen Clans): This system has further subdivided into sixteen clans, each with specific customs and traditions.

Clans play a significant role in Gurung society, influencing everything from marriage prospects to social interactions.

Language: A Window to the Past

The Gurung language, also known as Tamu, is a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. This linguistic connection hints at their possible Tibetan ancestry. Many Gurungs are multilingual, speaking Nepali fluently alongside their native tongue.

Understanding the Gurung language offers deeper insights into their history, cultural nuances, and traditional knowledge.

A Spiritual Tapestry: Religion and Beliefs

Gurung religion is a beautiful blend of animism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Hinduism. They believe in spirits that inhabit nature, alongside Buddhist philosophies and reverence for Hindu deities. This unique blend reflects Nepal’s rich religious diversity.

Some Gurungs practice Bon, an ancient Tibetan religion predating Buddhism. Shamanism, the practice of communicating with spirits through a spiritual intermediary, also holds significance in Gurung belief systems.

Further Exploration

This post has only scratched the surface of the Gurung world. Here are some avenues for further exploration:

• Gurung Music and Dance: Explore the vibrant music and dances like the “Chyau Chyau” performed during festivals, accompanied by instruments like the ‘Tungna’ (flute) and ‘Mauwa’ (drum).
• Gurung Arts and Crafts: Discover their exquisite metalwork, wood carving, and weaving traditions, reflecting their artistic ingenuity.
• Gurung Architecture: Learn about their unique houses, often built with stone and wood, showcasing their adaptation to the mountain environment.

By delving deeper into these aspects, you’ll gain a richer understanding of the Gurung people, their enduring heritage, and their vibrant place within Nepal’s cultural mosaic.

Unveiling the Extraordinary in Gurung Culture

We’ve explored the Gurung caste’s social structure, language, and religion, but their culture holds even more captivating details. Let’s delve into some unique aspects that set them apart:

Dotey: A Celebration of Life After Death

Unlike many cultures, the Gurungs celebrate death with the Dotey festival. This joyous occasion honors the deceased’s life and ensures their smooth transition to the afterlife. Family and friends gather, sing, dance, and share stories about the departed, creating a positive and celebratory atmosphere.

Gurung Culinary Delights: Beyond Dhindo

While Dhindo is a staple, Gurung cuisine boasts a wider range of mouthwatering dishes. Here are a few to tantalize your taste buds:

• Sel Roti: A crispy, deep-fried bread perfect for dipping in chutneys or curries.
• Kukhura ko Dhuk (Chicken Stew): A flavorful stew simmered with local spices and herbs.
• Wai (Bamboo Shoot Curry): A unique and delicious curry featuring fresh bamboo shoots.
• Chhurpi (Yak Cheese): A hard cheese made from yak milk, enjoyed as a snack or grated into dishes.

Gurung Games and Competitions: More Than Just Fun

Gurung games are not just for entertainment; they showcase strength, skill, and courage. Here are two interesting examples:

• Deuda Halyo (Archery Competition): This traditional archery competition tests marksmanship and is often held during festivals.
• Tug-of-War with Logs: This unique twist on the classic tug-of-war involves teams pulling massive logs, showcasing teamwork and physical prowess.

Gurung Festivals: A Window into their Beliefs

Gurung festivals offer a glimpse into their rich spiritual tapestry. Here are two noteworthy celebrations:

• Lhosar: Celebrated in February, this festival marks the Gurung New Year, a time for family gatherings, feasting, and prayers for a prosperous year.
• Yarthung: This festival honors the Gurung deity “Yarthung,” who is believed to protect livestock and ensure good health. Villagers offer animal sacrifices and perform special rituals.

The Role of Shamans (Jhankri) in Gurung Society

Shamans, known as Jhankris, hold a special place in Gurung communities. They are believed to possess the ability to communicate with spirits and cure illnesses. People consult Jhankris for various issues, from health problems to guidance on personal matters.

By understanding these unique aspects, you gain a deeper appreciation for the Gurung way of life. Their traditions and celebrations not only entertain but also reflect their values, beliefs, and profound connection to their heritage.

Nepal, a diverse country, boasts around 125 different ethnic groups and 123 distinct languages. To showcase these rich cultures, I’ve decided to highlight a different ethnicity each week. This week, it’s the Sherpas! Hold up, isn’t a Sherpa a mountain guide? That’s what I thought too, when I first arrived in Nepal. But contrary to popular belief, Sherpa is actually an ethnic group – one that many of my Nepali friends belong to. Luckily, they’ve been kind enough to share their knowledge of Sherpa culture with me!

Origin

The word “Sherpa” literally translates to “people from the east“. They are believed to have migrated from the Everest region, possibly even further east from Tibet and Mongolia. While Tengboche, a popular stop on the Everest Base Camp Trek, boasts a magnificent monastery, the title of “oldest Sherpa village” actually belongs to Pangboche.

Language of Sherpa People

Sherpas traditionally speak Sherpa, a language with roots in Tibetan dialects. While most Sherpas today are also multilingual in Nepali and English, Standard Tibetan speakers wouldn’t necessarily understand Sherpa due to centuries of independent development and geographical separation. Notably, Sherpa is primarily a spoken language, with efforts ongoing to establish a written form based on the Tibetan script.

Religion

Sherpa people are deeply connected to Tibetan Buddhism. Their faith permeates every aspect of life in the Everest Region. Majestic monasteries, like Tengboche with its iconic view of Ama Dablam, stand as testaments to their devotion. Mani walls, each inscribed with the mantra “Om Mani Padme Hum,” serve as constant reminders of their spiritual beliefs. These sights and sounds offer a glimpse into the unique cultural tapestry woven by the Sherpas.

What percent of Nepali people are Sherpa?

Sherpas are one of the most well-known ethnic groups in Nepal, despite constituting only around 0.45% of the population according to the 2021 Nepal census.

Most Sherpa live within

The Sherpa community primarily resides in the Solu-Khumbu district, encompassing the Everest Region high in the Himalayas. Other notable areas include Taplejung, Sankhuwasabha, Dolakha, Rolwaling, and Helambu. While traditionally known for inhabiting these mountainous regions, Sherpas can now be found throughout Nepal. Their reputation for exceptional mountaineering skills has led them to be sought-after guides in other countries, and some even teach at mountaineering schools around the world.

Sherpas famous for

It’s no surprise that Sherpas are renowned for their mountaineering prowess. When Western explorers first ventured into the Himalayas, they sought the help of local people to navigate the treacherous terrain. The Sherpas, who have inhabited these mountains for generations, possessed an innate ability to navigate the unforgiving landscape. Their high-altitude lifestyle also granted them a natural acclimatization to the thin air. This unique skillset, coupled with the allure of financial opportunities, led them to become highly sought-after mountain guides.

Most people will recognize the name Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa mountaineer, who famously summited Everest alongside Sir Edmund Hillary in 1953. Pasang Lhamu Sherpa etched her name in history as the first female Sherpa to conquer the world’s highest peak, Mount Everest.

What Sherpa food should everyone try?

Sherpa cuisine offers a variety of dishes that are both delicious and well-suited to the mountainous environment. Here are a few must-tries:

• Tsampa: The aforementioned roasted barley flour dish, a Sherpa staple.
• Sherpa Momo: Steamed dumplings filled with meat or vegetables, a popular food in Nepal with a unique Sherpa twist.
• Shyakpa (Sherpa Stew): A hearty and flavorful stew made with vegetables, meat, and sometimes potatoes.
• Thukpa: A comforting noodle soup perfect for chilly mountain evenings. Variations include vegetable thukpa and meat thukpa.

These are just a few examples, and depending on where you travel in Nepal, you might discover other regional specialties.

Festivals belong to the Sherpa culture

Losar

Losar, the Sherpa New Year, is a vibrant celebration marking a time of renewal and fresh beginnings. Following the Tibetan calendar, Sherpas usher in the New Year in February, separate from the celebrations of the wider world and even Nepal itself. Imagine the joy of potentially celebrating three New Year in a year! Losar festivities typically last 15 days and involve a focus on family traditions. Homes are cleaned, prayers are offered for good fortune, and joyous celebrations erupt with singing, dancing, feasting, and even archery contests.

Mani Rimdu

Mani Rimdu is a spectacular 19-day festival typically held in October or November. While the majority of the celebrations are observed privately within families, the last three days culminate in a public spectacle. If you find yourself trekking through the Everest Base Camp region during this time, you might be lucky enough to witness the famed masked dances performed at Tengboche Monastery. These vibrant dances are believed to ward off evil spirits and usher in blessings for the coming year.

Sherpa’s music sounds like

I remember trekking through the Himalayas, and my guide was playing beautiful music through a Bluetooth speaker. Captivated by the melodies, I inquired about each song, only to be told they were simply “Sherpa songs“. With the thin air affecting my thinking, I foolishly neglected to ask for their names! However, my friends have recommended these specific songs to get a taste of Sherpa music:

• Phuyi Chomolungma by Sonam Jangbu Sherpa
• Sherpini Kanchhi by Jivan Bomjan and Pema Sherpa

Best way to experience Sherpa culture as a tourist

Trekking with a Sherpa Guide:

The most immersive way to experience Sherpa culture is undoubtedly through a trek in the Khumbu (Everest) Region. Here, you can hire a Sherpa guide who will not only navigate the breathtaking Himalayan terrain but also act as a cultural bridge. Don’t hesitate to ask questions! Sherpa guides are a wealth of knowledge about their traditions, way of life, and the unique ecosystem of the Himalayas.

Staying in Sherpa Teahouses:

Opting to stay in Sherpa teahouses instead of luxury lodges adds another layer of cultural immersion. These traditional guesthouses, often family-run, offer a glimpse into Sherpa hospitality and daily life. Get to know the owners, chat with them about their customs, and savor delicious Sherpa cuisine prepared with fresh, local ingredients.

Sherpa Friendliness:

Sherpas are renowned for their warmth and welcoming nature. They have a long history of interacting with travelers and are genuinely happy to share their culture with those who show respect and interest. Remember, a simple “Namaste” (a traditional Nepali greeting) and a curious mind can go a long way in fostering meaningful connections.

Also, read Beginner’s Guide to 100+ Essential Nepali Words for Tourists

Who are the most celebrated Sherpas?

The Sherpa community is renowned for its humility and selflessness. Their focus isn’t on personal recognition but on the task at hand. However, their extraordinary achievements on mountains like Everest are simply too impressive to ignore.

• Tenzing Norgay: A legend in mountaineering, Tenzing Norgay was one of the first two climbers to summit Mount Everest, alongside Edmund Hillary in 1953. He’s revered as a national hero in both Nepal and India.
• Lhakpa Sherpa: A pioneer for women in mountaineering, Lhakpa Sherpa holds the record for the most Everest summits by a woman. Her incredible determination led her to conquer the peak an astonishing ten times.
• Apa Sherpa: Nicknamed “Super Sherpa,” Apa Sherpa holds the undisputed record for the most Everest summits – a staggering 21 times! His skill and experience are legendary.

These are just a few examples. Many other Sherpas deserve recognition for their remarkable accomplishments and contributions to Himalayan exploration.

Agriculture forms the backbone of their livelihood for most Magar people. Others find sustenance in pastoralism, craftsmanship, or daily labor. Alongside the Gurung, Rai, and other Nepali ethnicities, the Magar have garnered fame as the valiant Gurkha soldiers in the British and Indian armies. Even today, many Magar continue to proudly serve in the military.

Origin

The Magar of the Bahra Magarat east of the Kali Gandaki River are said to have originated in the land of Seem. Two brothers, Seem Magar and Chintoo Magar, fought, and one remained in Seem, while the other left, ending up in Kangwachen in southern Sikkim. Bhutia people lived in the north of this region. Over time, the Magars became very powerful and made northern Bhutia their vassals.

Sheng, a despotic ruler, ruled over the Magar. The Bhutia conspired to assassinate him. Enraged by his assassination, Sheng’s queen poisoned 1,000 Bhutia people at a place now called Tong Song Fong, meaning “where a thousand were murdered.” The Bhutia later drove the Magar out, forcing them to again migrate further south. As part of this migration, one group migrated to Simrongadh, one group moved towards the Okhaldhunga region, and another group seems to have returned to the east. While the exact dates remain unclear, this story highlights the historical conflicts and migrations of the Magar people.

Who are the Magar people?

The Magar people have Mongoloid features and have historically been in close contact with Indo-Aryan-speaking communities. They share ethnic similarities with the Khas and Thakuri people. Most Magar settlements are located in the western and far-western regions of Nepal, including the Himalayan mountains.

Where do they live in Nepal?

While the Magar people now live throughout Nepal, they still have a major presence in the mid and western regions. This includes areas like the Annapurna region, Jajarkot District, down towards Palpa, and the Terai region encompassing Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha.

What is the Magar people famous for?

Pun is a common surname among the Magar people. Therefore, many foreigners visiting Nepal may know the Magars for developing the Poon Hill Trek, one of the most popular trekking routes in the country. Those undertaking the trek will likely stay in teahouses owned by Magars. The Magar people are also well-known for their history as Gurkha soldiers in the British Military. They are renowned for their strength and work ethic, and they played a significant role in helping the first king of Nepal unite the country.

What religions do the Magar people practice?

Originally, the Magar people followed Bon, a religion centered around nature worship. Today, most Magars identify as Hindu, while some, particularly those in the mountainous regions, practice Buddhism. Many Magar communities have a Brahmin priest and observe traditions similar to the Chhetri people, who are part of the Hindu caste system.

What language do the Magar people speak?

The Magar people have their own language, also called Magar, which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family. Many Magars are also fluent in Tibetan. Nepali is nearly universal as a first or second language among the Magar people, and English proficiency is increasingly common. Nepal’s multilingual environment means it’s not unusual to find people who speak three or four languages!

What festivals are unique to Magar culture?

The Maghe Sankranti festival, celebrating the end of the winter solstice, is a unique tradition shared by the Tharu and Magar people. On this day, ritual bathing (often in a holy river) and the consumption of yams are customary practices.

What Magar food should everyone try?

Boiled yams, especially during festivals, are a staple food for the Magar people. Curd (yogurt) and Dhido, an interesting flour-based dough cooked in boiling water, are also popular dishes. Dhido is typically eaten with traditional Nepali accompaniments like dal bhat (lentil soup), curries, and spicy pickles.

Are there stereotypes about Magar people?

Magar people are generally considered brave, hardworking, honest, and friendly. From personal experience, I can wholeheartedly say that the Magar people are some of the friendliest I’ve ever encountered. In fact, one of my most cherished travel memories comes from celebrating with the Magar community in Jajarkot, which I documented in my blog post “A Hundred Warm Welcomes in Kaina Bazaar.“

What is the best way to experience Magar culture as a tourist?

The best way to experience Magar culture as a tourist is to immerse yourself in their communities. They are renowned for their hospitality and are happy to share their way of life with visitors. Here are a few options:

• Trek through Magar villages: The Poon Hill Trek is a popular choice, with villages like Ghorepani being predominantly Magar. You can choose a teahouse run by a Magar family for an authentic experience.
• Explore the Khopra Danda Trek: This trek takes you through the village of Paudwar, where you can visit the Magar Museum and learn about the village’s history. You can also stay with a Magar family in a local teahouse for a more immersive experience.
• Go off the beaten path: If you’re looking for a more adventurous experience, consider contacting FarXplorer, a company that runs trips into the Jajarkot District, a region with a large Magar population. This is a great way to experience authentic Magar culture.

Here are some additional tips for experiencing Magar culture:

• Be respectful of their customs and traditions.
• Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites.
• Learn a few basic Nepali phrases. This will go a long way in showing your respect and appreciation for their culture.
• Try the local food. Magar cuisine features dishes like boiled yams, curd (yogurt), and dhido (a flour-based dough).
• Attend a cultural festival. The Maghe Sankranti festival is a unique celebration shared by the Tharu and Magar people, where they celebrate the end of winter solstice with ritual bathing and eating yams.

By following these tips, you can have a truly enriching experience learning about Magar culture.

Source:

• nationalmuseum.gov.np
• himalayancultures.com