History and Significance

The Changu Narayan Temple has a long and fascinating history that dates back to the 4th century. It was built by the Licchavi dynasty, which ruled Nepal from the 3rd to the 7th century. The temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu, one of the three main gods in Hinduism, and is considered one of the oldest and most important temples in Nepal.

The Legend of Changu Narayan

Long ago, a Gwala, or cow herder, purchased a cow from a Brahmin named Sudarshan. This cow was known for producing copious amounts of milk, so the cow herder took her to graze in Changu, a forest of Champak trees. Every day, while grazing, the cow went to the shade of a particular tree, where a young boy would drink her milk. However, in the evening, when the cow was milked, only a tiny amount of milk was obtained. The cow herder became very sad and contacted Sudarshan to complain. Sudarshan agreed to observe the cow’s daytime activity, so he and the cow herder hid behind the tree the next day.

To their surprise, a small black boy emerged from the tree and started drinking the cow’s milk. The men were outraged, believing the boy to be a demon and the tree to be its abode. Therefore, Sudarshan cut down the Champak tree, and fresh human blood spurted from the tree. Realizing their terrible mistake, the two men were distraught and began to cry.

Lord Vishnu then appeared from the tree and explained that it was not their fault. He told the story of how he had accidentally killed Sudarshan’s father while hunting in the forest, and as punishment, he was cursed to wander the earth on his mount, Garuda. Eventually, he found himself on the hill in Changu, living in anonymity and surviving on the stolen milk. When the Brahmin cut down the tree, Vishnu was freed from his sins.

After hearing Vishnu’s story, the Brahmin and cow herder resolved to establish a small temple in Lord Vishnu’s name and worship the site. Since then, the place has been considered sacred, with Sudarshan’s descendant serving as a priest of the temple and the cow herder’s descendants as Ghutiyars or conservators.

Architecture and Design

The temple’s unique architecture is a blend of the Licchavi and Newari styles, which are characteristic of the Kathmandu Valley. The temple’s central sanctum is a two-story pagoda-style structure with a golden pinnacle, and the four corners of the temple are adorned with four smaller pagodas. The temple’s wooden roof is decorated with images of gods and goddesses and features intricately carved brackets and struts.

Monuments and Sculptures at Changu Narayan Temple

Changu Narayan Temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Nepal, known for its stunning collection of ancient monuments and sculptures. One can find these remarkable pieces of history while visiting the temple from the right side after entering from the main entrance (Eastern gate) to the courtyard.

1. Chhinnamasta Temple:
   Dedicated to Chhinnamasta Devi, this temple depicts the goddess beheading herself and offering her blood to feed the hungry Dakini and Varnini.
2. Vishnu Vikrant:
   A 7th-century sculpture of Trivikram Vishnu depicts the scene from the popular Hindu myth of Lord Vishnu and his beloved Bali Raja.
3. Historical Pillar:
   Erected by Mandeva in 464 AD, this pillar is a testament to the ancient history of the Changu Narayan Temple.
4. Garuda:
   Garuda is the flying vehicle of Lord Vishnu, which has a human face and is considered a devoted follower of Vishnu.
5. Chanda Narayan (Garuda Narayan):
   This 7th-century stone sculpture of Vishnu riding on Garuda has been depicted on the 10 rupee paper note issued by Nepal Rastra Bank.
6. Sridhar Vishnu:
   A 9th-century stone sculpture of Vishnu, Laxmi, and Garuda, stands on the pedestals of various motifs.
7. Vaikuntha Vishnu:
   A 16th-century sculpture of Vishnu seated on the Lalitasan position on the six-armed Garuda, with Laxmi seated on his lap.
8. Vishworup:
   This 7th-century stone sculpture is beautifully carved and depicts the scene from the Bhagwat Gita, in which Lord Krishna manifests his universal form to his devotee Arjun.
9. Narasimha:
   A 7th-century sculpture of Narasimha, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, killing the demon King Hiranyakasyapa to save his beloved devotee Prahalad.
10. Kileshwor:
    These small two-storied temples are dedicated to Lord Shiva, who is believed to have appeared in this place for the protection of the hill.

Stone Sculptures

The Changu Narayan Temple is famous for its collection of stone sculptures that are housed in the temple’s outer courtyard. These sculptures depict various Hindu deities, mythical creatures, and scenes from Hindu epics. The most famous of these sculptures is the statue of Garuda, the mythical half-man, half-bird creature who is the mount of Lord Vishnu. This statue is considered one of the finest examples of Nepali stone sculpture and is a testament to the skills of the craftsmen who worked on it.

Inner Courtyard and Shrine

The temple’s inner courtyard is home to the main shrine, which houses a 5-foot-tall image of Lord Vishnu. The image is made of black stone and is considered one of the most beautiful images of Lord Vishnu in Nepal. The shrine is decorated with intricate carvings, and the walls are adorned with frescoes that depict scenes from Hindu mythology.

Cultural Festivals

The Changu Narayan Temple is not just a religious site but also a center of cultural activities. The temple hosts various festivals and events throughout the year, including the Changu Narayan Jatra, a week-long festival that celebrates the temple’s rich cultural heritage. During the festival, the temple comes alive with music, dance, and cultural performances that showcase the best of Nepali art and culture.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Changu Narayan Temple is a cultural and architectural marvel that has stood the test of time. Its unique blend of styles, stunning sculptures, and rich history make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in exploring Nepal’s rich cultural heritage. Whether you are a history buff, an art enthusiast, or a spiritual seeker, the Changu Narayan Temple is a destination that should not be missed.

Nepal is home to nearly one-third of the 1500-mile-long Himalayan range, the world’s tallest mountains, and the deepest gorge. The 1700-kilometre Great Himalaya Trail, or GHT, is the longest and highest alpine trekking trail, and it connects the two ends of the country via a breathtaking route. There’s plenty for those who want to see majestic views in plush comfort, unwind while gazing at snow-capped peaks, or watch the indescribable beauty of the sun rising over misty mountains.

Types of Adventure in Nepal

Mountain Experiences

There are few places where you can travel for days in the farthest mountain and yet feel secure about having access to relative comfort and connectivity should you want it. Nepal is a country of incredible natural beauty, these experiences, and more.

Wildlife

You can go on a wildlife-focused adventure in this ecologically diverse country, which is home to rare species including mammals such as the red panda, musk deer, and snow leopard, and birds such as the red-headed Trogopan and the Himalayan Monal.

Waterway

Some of the biggest Himalayan rivers flow through the heart of Nepal. The Karnali, Nepal’s longest and largest river, originates in the Tibetan plateau of Manasarovar, and rafting enthusiasts can experience both fast, wild rapids and serene waters along the course of the same river.

The sky is the limit

For adventure seekers, the sky is truly the limit in Nepal. Tandem paragliding is the perfect way to be initiated into sky sports. The daring can take a plunge, quite literally, and bungee jump from Asia’s second-highest jump. Enjoy the beauty of Pokhara’s Lake Phewa by boarding an ultralight plane and flying with a pilot.

Nature

From watching the sunrise over the Annapurna mountains to a gentle boat ride down the Rapti, and from waking up to birdsong in the middle of nowhere to soaking in luxury in locales you would never expect it in, get a taste of the best experiences in the unofficial adventure capital of southeast Asia. In Nepal, your next big thrill is just a mountain peak, river, or valley away.

When To Go

October & November

This is the best season for adventure in Nepal because the skies are clear, allowing for great mountain views, and the waters aren’t too cold. Good weather in high-altitude areas is a bonus for hikers and those wanting to see views from an airplane. This period sees a steep rise in the prices of accommodation and other things.

December-May

The winter months are the best time to go ice climbing. When it begins to warm up (Feb-Mar), you can go hiking in the valleys where the rhododendrons are in full bloom. In April and May, trekking starts again, and this is also the best time to go wildlife watching in the Terai.

June-September

This is the monsoon period and some operators conduct tours for travelers. Visits to rain-shadow areas like Upper Dolpo and Upper Mustang are recommended during this season. In other areas, accommodation is cheap and discounts are common during these months.

Related: Best time to Travel to Nepal.

What to Pack

• Depending on the time of your visit, pack more or fewer warm layers. Should the weather turn, you will need a light fleece even in the summer.

• Carry good walking shoes and pack light running shoes if you want to go trail running. Sturdy hiking boots, thermals, and other high-altitude gear are important on serious treks. You can pick up equipment in Kathmandu if you forget anything; most travel companies also provide gear as part of their arrangements.

• Pack sunscreen, sunglasses, lip balm, a flashlight, insect repellent, water purification tablets, a reusable water bottle or flask, and all other outdoor paraphernalia. You can easily pick up anything you don’t have from any of the mini supermarkets in Kathmandu and Pokhara.

• Carry a bathing suit or shorts for rafting and other water sports, and ponchos and other rain gear for the unpredictable weather.

Read more about the Packing List for Nepal Travel.

Quick Facts

LANGUAGE
The people in Nepal speak a mix of Nepali and Hindi, and basic English is spoken and understood by most on the tourist circuits and even in teahouses on trekking trails.

CURRENCY
The Nepali rupee (NPR) is the local currency. The US dollar is widely accepted just like the Indian rupee. Most money exchange shops display the exchange rates for the day, but you can check on www.xe.com too. The closer you are to a touristy area, the larger the number of ATMs you will find. Credit cards are widely accepted at mid-range and high-end hotels and other service providers, but carry enough cash on hiking trails.

CONNECTIVITY
Local SIM cards are available at the airport, and there are many recharge shops in towns. If you are traveling with a partner or a group, try buying from the same service provider as inter-service telephony is expensive.

Wi-fi services are widely available in cities and towns and even in trekking teahouses now (additional charges apply). For more details, go to www.welcomenepal.com

Getting There

By Air:

The Tribhuvan International Airport outside Kathmandu is the country’s only international airport.

You can take a prepaid cab from inside the terminal. You can also download the Sarathi app (www.sarathi.cab) and hire taxis or bicycles to get around Kathmandu. The domestic flight network in Nepal is excellent as it connects most remote trailheads to the capital and saves you arduous road journeys. These are small-sector flights, so be prepared for delays and cancellations because of weather conditions, etc. Also, you read more about ride-sharing in Nepal. Which allows you to share rides while traveling in Nepal.

By Road:

Buses are the main (and cheapest) form of public transport and connect most of the country. The tourist buses are more comfortable than local ones, and they are better at keeping time too. Car hires for multi-day trips can be arranged through tour operators. They can be a bit expensive but are worth the comfort and flexibility.

Getting Around

You can hire taxis in cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara to go sightseeing. Settle on a fare beforehand to avoid haggling later. Alternatively, you can download the increasingly popular Tootle app and hop on a bike if you aren’t fussy about getting on one.

Health and Safety

Kathmandu has excellent clinics including the Nepal International Clinic (www.nepalinternationalclinic.com). While trekking, your only option may be small, local health posts. Carry an appropriate medical kit to high-altitude areas. Medex offers a free download of the useful booklet Travel at High Altitude with good advice for staying healthy in the mountains.

Tours and Guides

If you want to go on an organized trek, it is better to use reputed agencies and certified, approved guides for both quality and safety reasons. Check the credibility of your tour operator and their emergency response procedures for high-risk sports. Read the indemnity bonds carefully when you sign up for a trek.

Note: Now, the Nepal government bans trekking in Nepal without a guide, effective by April 1, 2030.

Dos and Don’ts

Do

• Depending on the physical demands of the sports adventure in Nepal you plan to indulge in, begin a fitness regimen before you travel.
• Plan to get good deals on stay and travel.
• Be respectful in temples and high-altitude monasteries that you might halt at on your trekking trails. Take off your shoes and hat before entering and check if photography is allowed.
• Move clockwise around Chortens and Stupas and if you wish, you may leave a small donation at gompas and temples.
• Wear garments appropriate for the weather and altitude.
• Minimize your needs and carbon footprint, especially since most treks take you to environmentally sensitive zones.

Don’t

• Rush through acclimatization in high-altitude areas; shortcuts can be fatal.
• Indulge in a sport without the right gear or instructor.
• Go canyoning if you are claustrophobic or participate in aero sports if you have vertigo.
• Waste natural resources in the mountains.
• Take photos of people without seeking permission first.
• Drink tap water or mountain spring water if your body is not accustomed to it.

Adventure Highlights in 2024

Visit Nepal Decade 2023-2033 promises to showcase the best of adventure in Nepal sports options. From high-altitude marathons to ice skating on the world’s highest lakes to biking down the deepest gorge, you can make your trip memorable in many ways. Pick from a range of options that appeal to your idea of adventure in Nepal. You will have to choose what you can manage to fit into the duration of your visit, for true to Nepal 2023-2033’s tagline, “Naturally Nepal Once is not Enough”.

Top 10 Adventure Experiences

1. Raft Down the Karnali
   Nepal offers some of the best white-water adventures in the world, and rafting down the country’s longest river, the Karnali is an unforgettable experience. The river originates near Kailash Manasarovar and flows into western Nepal’s Bardiya National Park, taking you from the Wild West into a pristine wilderness. The roller coaster ride on its thrilling waters starts with a bang and slowly dissolves into moderate and gentle rapids. The beautiful canyons along this route make rafting on the Karnali an unforgettable experience.
2. MAIDEN CLIMB
   If climbing a peak has always been your dream, go to Nepal to ensure that your first experience is a special one. There are several peaks in the 6,000-metre range for beginners to choose from. The Lobuche East, Island, or Mera peaks are popular with amateur climbers. The routes on some of these have fixed ropes and are open through all seasons. Celebrate your climb in style with champagne and strawberries – and supplemental oxygen!
3. BIKING TO NEPAL’S LARGEST LAKE
   While there are several options for mountain biking including right outside the Kathmandu Valley and around Pokhara, there is nothing like cranking up the adventure quotient and going off the beaten path. Hit the dirt tracks of Rara Lake, and the tough terrain will take you through the beautiful Rara National Park with the Himalayas looming majestically in the distance. Those with a greater thirst for adventure in Nepal can also ride down the deepest gorge in the world formed by the Kali Gandaki River.
4. SKYDIVE ABOVE EVEREST
   Skydiving in the Sagarmatha National Park is a rare privilege, a bucket list quest for many, and the ultimate in aerial adventures. This is the highest diving zone in the world, and free-falling towards the world’s tallest mountains is an unparalleled experience. The central diving zone is Syangboche, and the other one is the gorgeous Ama Dablam base camp zone, though diving over the latter depends on the weather.
5. ASIA’S SECOND-HIGHEST BUNGEE JUMP
   Take off from a 166-meter suspension bridge over the Bhote Kosi River in Asia’s second-highest bungee jump after Macau for an instant adrenalin rush. It’s guaranteed to give you the thrill of a lifetime as it doubles the length of an average bungee jump. Located three hours from Kathmandu, the serene countryside is the perfect foil to the raging Bhote Kosi River.
6. A ROOM ON THE ROOF OF THE WORLD
   Adventure means different things to different people, and lovers of luxury and comfort can also have an adventure sipping some bubbly and looking at the sun sinking over Mount Everest. Spend a night or two at Hotel Everest View, one of the world’s highest hotels, nestled in the Solukhumbu region, which looks directly at Everest, Lhotse, Nuptse, and the other highest peaks in the world. There are fabulous views of Everest from every room, and they also make arrangements for any special celebrations.
7. A HIGH-ALTITUDE RACE
   Whether mountain biking challenges or triathlons, Nepal brings together the best sports adventure in Nepal. If you are a marathoner, try something new with a high-altitude race. Sign up for trail running events that take you to high altitudes and beautiful landscapes. Pick a category suited to your physical and mental capacities. But even if the experience is too strenuous, it will be an indelible memory.
8. FLY OVER PHEWA
   Getting a bird’s-eye view of Pokhara’s Lake Phewa deserves a place on any list of must-dos in Nepal. The more adventurous can choose to paraglide and fly alongside stunning mountains. Those who would rather choose the comfort of an engine-powered flight can take an ultralight and have a professional pilot take you on a panoramic ride above the serene lake, parallel to the Annapurna massif.
9. EVEREST FLIGHT
   Seeing the world’s highest mountain up close is not reserved for hikers alone. Sign up for an Everest mountain flight, and take an aerial adventure in Nepal to see the peak from your window. The 50-minute flight allows you to get close to Mount Everest without actually climbing it, fulfilling a dream for many people unable to climb to the beautiful Solukhumbu region.
10. WILD ENCOUNTERS
    Several areas have been designated as protected for conservation, and if you get lucky, you could see wildlife while hiking. For an animal-focused adventure in Nepal, pick from national parks including Chitwan, Bardia, and Rara. The tiger population in Nepal has almost doubled since 2010, making it a great place to see this majestic animal in the wild. Wetlands like the Koshi Tappu Reserve showcase Nepal’s rich birdlife, and higher Himalayan parks put the spotlight on the country’s rich mountain flora and fauna.

Best Of Adventure in Nepal Itineraries

If a thrill is what you love most, explore Nepal with this 15-day itinerary tailor-made to showcase the best of adventure in Nepal options.

DAY 1: Arrive in Kathmandu and visit the Astrek Climbing Wall to polish your climbing skills. Finish the day with dinner at a restaurant of your choice.

DAY 2: Go on a day trip to the Last Resort for an unforgettable bungee jumping experience in the Bhote Kosi Valley.

DAY 3: Begin your seven-day trip to the Langtang National Park with a six-hour drive to Syabrubesi. This trek is a relatively easy trail, lined with cozy teahouses at comfortable distances and spectacular Himalayan views.

DAY 4: This hike takes you across the Bhote Kosi or Tiber River, walking upstream past a bamboo village and forest to the Lama Hotel.

DAY 5: The scenic trail now takes you to Mundu and to the site of the erstwhile Langtang village that was destroyed in the 2015 earthquake.

DAY 6: Trek to Kyangjin village (3800mt), the highest point of your trek, and explore the Kyangjin Gompa. The Kyangjin Ridge offers stunning views of the Langtang range.

DAY 7: Ascend Kyangjin Ri if you want some more climbing experience.

DAY 8: Trek back to the Lama Hotel in a single day as descents are quicker.

DAY 9: Trek to Syabrubesi through forest routes or from Rimche via Sherpa Gaon for scenic mountain vistas.

DAY 10: Drive from Syabrubesi to the Trisuli Learning Centre near Bandare village. Unwind at the beach on the river and spend the night at Big Fig Camp.

DAY 11: Enjoy half a day of hitting the rapids on the Trisuli River, and then start the three-hour drive to Pokhara. Spend the night here.

DAY 12: Choose your adventure in Nepal for the day from paragliding, ultralight flying, canyoning, or zip lining.

DAY 13: Drive to Chitwan National Park, visit Tharu settlements in the vicinity, and go on an evening safari.

DAY 14: Go on a morning safari; return to play with and bathe elephants. Follow it up with a relaxing evening boat safari and a sundowner by the Rapti River.

DAY 15: Fly back to Kathmandu after a leisurely breakfast.

This guide is researched and written by Shikha Tripathi. Shikha Tripathi is a widely published journalist specializing in writing about the outdoors and Himalayan ecology, with an added interest in culture and sustainable travel. Born and brought up in the Himalayas, she is a hiker and climber who enjoys napping in the mountain sun as much as writing about her highland explorations. Shikha has a special affinity for Nepal and shares her photo stories on her Instagram handle @shikhatripathi.travel
This edition includes extracts from Lonely Planet Nepal (11th edition, 2018)

Sagarmatha National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Nepalese Himalayas. It is famous for its stunning natural beauty, unique cultural heritage, and the tallest mountain, Mount Everest (8,848.86 m).

It is located in the Solukhumbu District and has a surface area of 1,148 km2 (443 sq mi), with elevations ranging from 2,845 to 8,848 m (9,334 to 29,029 ft) at Mount Everest’s summit. It shares a border with Tibet’s Qomolangma National Nature Preserve in the north. It is a part of the Sacred Himalayan Landscape and is located east of Makalu Barun National Park. In the south, it reaches the Dudh Kosi river.

In this blog, we will discuss the main attractions, culture, climate, and best times to visit the Sagarmatha National Park.

Major Attractions:

• Mount Everest: The highest peak Mount Everest (8,848 m), is the biggest attraction of the National Park. It attracts thousands of mountaineers, trekkers, and adventure enthusiasts every year.
• Sherpa Village: The Sherpa people have been living in the area for centuries and have a lot of cultural history. By visiting the Sherpa villages, visitors can learn more about the Sherpa people’s traditions, beliefs, and way of life.
• Flora: The flora in the Sagarmatha National Park is abundant and diverse, with species ranging from fir and Himalayan birch to rhododendron and juniper. The subalpine belt is characterized by dense forests of fir and birch, while rhododendron thrives at elevations of 4,000-5,000 meters. Above 5,000 meters, mosses and lichens are the dominant forms of vegetation. The park is home to over 1,000 unique floral species.
• Fauna: The fauna in the park is equally diverse, with an impressive array of bird species including the Impeyan pheasant, bearded vulture, snowcock, and alpine chough. The park has been recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. In addition to birds, the park is also home to several ungulate species, including the Himalayan Thar, Himalayan serow, and musk deer. The snow leopard inhabits the higher elevations above 3,500 meters, while the Indian leopard is found in the lower elevation forests.
• Khumbu Glacier: The Khumbu Glacier, located at the foot of Mount Everest, is another popular attraction in the park. Visitors can observe the glacier’s movement and learn about its impact on the environment.

The Culture:

The Sherpa people have lived in the region for centuries and have a rich cultural heritage. They have a unique way of life that is deeply intertwined with the natural environment, and they have a strong connection to the mountain gods.

Visitors to the park can experience the Sherpa culture by visiting the Sherpa villages and monasteries and participating in traditional festivals and ceremonies.

The Climate and Weather:

The Sagarmatha National Park has a harsh and unpredictable climate, with temperatures ranging from -40°C to 20°C. The park experiences monsoon rain from June to September and heavy snowfall from December to February. Visitors are advised to plan their trip accordingly and to be prepared for extreme weather conditions.

Best Time to Visit:

The best time to visit Sagarmatha National Park is from September to November and from March to May when the weather is clear and the views are at their best. The peak climbing season is from March to May, and the trekking season is from September to November.

Things to Do:

• Trekking: The park offers a range of trekking routes, including the classic Everest Base Camp Trek, which takes visitors to the base of the world’s tallest mountain.
• Mountain Climbing: Mountaineers from all over the world come to the park to attempt to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
• Bird Watching: The park is home to a diverse range of bird species, including the Himalayan monal, and bird-watching is a popular activity in the region.
• Meditation and Yoga: Visitors can practice meditation and yoga in the tranquil and peaceful environment of the park.

How to get to the National Park?

The Sagarmatha National Park is located in the Himalayas and is accessible by air and ground transportation. The nearest airport is Lukla, which is a popular starting point for treks in the park.

Visitors can fly from Kathmandu to Lukla, and these days Nepal government decided to fly from Ramachhap to Lukla. From there, they can hike to the park entrance. Another option is to take a bus from Kathmandu to Jiri and then start the trek from there. The park can also be reached by helicopter from Kathmandu.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Park:

We will take a closer look at each of Nepal’s 12 national parks in Nepal, discussing their distinctive characteristics and what to expect during your visit.

These all national parks are protected and preserved under the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation.

Chitwan National Park

Chitwan National Park is located in the Terai region of central Nepal and is considered one of the best wildlife-viewing destinations in Asia. The park’s main attraction is the Bengal tiger, but visitors can also see one-horned rhinoceroses, Asian elephants, and other mammals.

Chitwan National Park is home to over 68 mammal species & 450 species of birds, making it a popular destination for birdwatchers. Besides that, there are 700 species of wildlife and unique species of butterfly, moth, and insect species. 

Bardiya National Park

Bardiya National Park is in western Nepal’s Terai region and is renowned for its pristine wilderness, picturesque landscapes, and abundance of wildlife.

The national park has over 400 species of birds, 642 faunal species, 125 recorded species of fish, 23 reptiles, and 53 mammals including the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Indian elephant, Bengal tiger, barasingha, and Gangetic dolphin.

Sagarmatha National Park

Sagarmatha National Park is located in the Himalayan region of eastern Nepal with the base of Mount Everest (8848m), the tallest mountain in the world. The park offers stunning views of the surrounding peaks and glaciers, as well as opportunities for trekking, rock climbing, and other outdoor activities.

• Flora: The subalpine belt in Sagarmatha National Park is home to fir, Himalayan birch, and rhododendron, while juniper and rhododendron are found at elevations of 4,000-5,000m. The park has over 1,000 species of plants.
• Fauna: The park hosts 208 bird species including Impeyan pheasant, bearded vulture, snowcock, and alpine chough, and is recognized by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area. Ungulates include Himalayan Thar, Himalayan serow, and musk deer. Snow leopards inhabit elevations above 3,500m and Indian leopards are found in lower-elevation forests.

Langtang National Park

Langtang National Park is renowned for its glaciers, alpine meadows, and forests at high altitudes. It is in the central Himalayan region.

Trekking, climbing, and other outdoor activities are available to visitors, as is the opportunity to observe a variety of wildlife, including Himalayan black bears and red pandas.

There are 14 types of vegetation and 18 types of ecosystems in Langtang National Park. In addition, these range from alpine scrub and perennial ice to upper tropical forests at elevations below 1,000 meters.

Makalu Barun National Park

Makalu Barun National Park is located in the eastern Himalayan region of Nepal and is considered one of the most biodiverse areas in the world.

The park offers opportunities for trekking and climbing, as well as the chance to see rare species like the snow leopard, clouded leopard, and red panda.

Shey Phoksundo National Park

Shey Phoksundo National Park is located in the western Himalayan region of Nepal known for its scenic beauty and diverse ecosystems.

Visitors can explore the forests, waterfalls, and glaciers, as well as its rich cultural heritage, including ancient monasteries and traditional villages.

Khaptad National Park

High-altitude forests, alpine meadows, and wetlands are just some of the diverse landscapes found in Khaptad National Park, which is in the western part of Nepal.

A wide range of animals, including blue sheep and black bears, as well as more than 300 species of birds, live in the park.

Rara National Park

In the western part of Nepal, Rara National Park is famous for its high-altitude lakes and pristine wilderness.

Trekking, boating, and other outdoor activities are available to visitors, as is the chance to observe a variety of wildlife, including blue sheep and Himalayan Tahr.

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is renowned for its scenic beauty and extensive cultural heritage. Hence, the park is named after Shivapuri Peak’s 2,732 m (8,963 ft) altitude.

The park is beautiful with its forests, waterfalls, and cultural sites, such as ancient temples and traditional villages.

Shuklaphanta National Park

Shuklaphanta National Park is located in the far western region of Nepal. It was gazetted in 1976 as Royal Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve. Additionally, the national park is known for its rich biodiversity, including over 400 species of birds, as well as its scenic landscapes, including wetlands and grasslands.

Banke National Park

Banke National Park is located in the western region of Nepal. It was established as 10th Park on the 12th of July 2010. It is also known for its rich biodiversity, including tigers, rhinos, and over 400 species of birds. Furthermore, the park offers opportunities for wildlife viewing, trekking, and other outdoor activities.

Parsa National Park

Parsa National Park is based in the central region of Nepal well-known for its beautiful landscapes and abundant biodiversity. Over 500 species of birds and a wide range of animals, including elephants, tigers, and leopards, are common sights for visitors. Trekking, wildlife viewing, and other outdoor activities are also available in the park.

Related: UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Nepal

National Parks in Nepal Entry Fee

In conclusion, national parks in Nepal offer visitors a chance to experience the country’s incredible natural and cultural wonders. Whether you’re interested in wildlife viewing, outdoor activities, or exploring rich cultural heritage, there’s a national park in Nepal that serves a purpose for you. So, pack your bags and start exploring!

Highlights on Temples of Bhaktapur

• The ancient city of Bhaktapur is the destination for some of the most beautiful and historic temples in Nepal.
• Bhaktapur’s temples are known for their intricate carvings, paintings, and architectural styles, which reflect the city’s rich cultural and religious values.
• Some of the must-see temples in Bhaktapur include the Nyatapola Temple, the Bhairava Nath Temple, and the Dattatreya Temple. These temples are revered for their spiritual significance and are visited by devotees from all over Nepal.
• Visitors to Bhaktapur can also explore the Bhaktapur Durbar Square, a royal palace complex that features a number of stunning temples, shrines, and courtyards.
• In addition to their religious and cultural significance, the temples of Bhaktapur carry the history and traditions of Nepal carved into the walls.

One of the main attractions in Bhaktapur is Durbar Square, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The square is the place for several important temples and palaces, including the Nyatapola Temple, Dattatreya Temple, and Vatsala Temple. Moreover, the court is also known for its beautiful architecture and stone carvings and is a popular spot for tourists to take photos and learn about the city’s history.

In addition to it, its cultural attractions, Bhaktapur is also known for its flavoursome food and shopping. The city has several local markets selling traditional handicrafts and souvenirs, and a variety of local and international foods.

Related: Bhaktapur Durbar Square: The Major Attractions

Some of the temples of Bhaktapur include:

Nyatapola Temple: 

This five-tiered temple is the tallest one in Nepal dedicated to the goddess Siddhi Lakshmi. It is located in the centre of Bhaktapur standing with its beautiful architecture and stone carvings. Nyatapola divided Bhaktapur into the upper and lower parts as Thané and Konhé respectively sustained themselves throughout the four major earthquakes and their aftershocks. Since the temples of Bhaktapur is not accessible to the public, the Avala group of people performs a ritual to the deity every July. However, the name of the deity inside the temple is also kept a secret.

Dattatreya Temple: 

Dattatreya is the avatar of three powerful gods in the Hindu religion Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. This temple was built in 1427BS with a single timber as Kasthmandap in the valley. Dattatreya lying in the centre of Bhaktapur has intricate wood carvings, beautiful brass bells and stone turtles engraved in pillars. The temple was built in the Malla regime aligning with the mandapa architecture.

Changu Narayan Temple: 

This temple is located on a hilltop to the east of Bhaktapur and is dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu. It is one of the oldest temples in Nepal and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple is named after the Kashmiri king’s daughter Champak married the prince in the small village of Changu. Besides that, the temple consists of a list of monuments such as a historical pillar from 464 BS, Garuda, Chanda Narayan, Sridhar Vishnu, Vaikuntha VishnuA, Chhinnamasta, and Vishworup.

Vatsala Temple: 

Vatsala temple is dedicated to the goddess Durga established in 1696. The temple is built in Shikhara-style architecture with beautiful stone carvings and brass artwork. It is located in the centre of Bhaktapur. A bell in the temple is dedicated to the Goddess Annapurna made in the early-mid 18th century. Along with it, the temple was rebuilt after the earthquake of 2015. 

Siddha Pokhari Temple: 

This temple is located in the centre of Bhaktapur and is known for its beautiful pond called Pokhari in Nepali. Every year Ashwin Krishna Dwithiya fair takes place. Locals feed the fish in the pond and dipped themselves worshipping goddess Indrayani. King Yakshya Malla built Sidha Pokhari in the 15th century which is also called as Ta-Pukhu.

In addition to these temples, Bhaktapur Durbar Square also includes several palaces, including the 55 Window Palace and the Golden Gate, which are known for their ornate architecture and intricate wood carvings. Furthermore, the square is also the place for the National Art Gallery, which displays traditional Nepali art and crafts.

FAQs about the temples of Bhaktapur:

Which of these world heritages of Nepal attracts you the most? Please feel free to write a short note on this via comments. Thank you.

Nepal is a diverse country with unique culture, nature, biodiversity, climate, and so on. Exploring cultural places, wildlife safari, hiking and trekking, white water rafting, and mountain biking are some significant activities you can experience in Nepal. Nepal is popular for its research center on different aspects.

For adventure travelers, Nepal includes various trekking and climbing options over 5000m. Other than trekking and hiking you can experience adventures such as camping, rafting, paragliding, and following activities.

Trekking in the Himalayas of Nepal

Trekking in the Himalayas comes to mind every individual whenever they think of adventure in Nepal. Nepal provides huge ranges of the Himalayas for the foothill adventure. Starting from a day of hiking that can last as a multi-day expedition.

Among the top 10 highest mountains in the world, Nepal consists of 8 highest peaks including Mt. Everest at first. Everest Base Camp Trek is a popular trekking expedition with the highest level of challenges all over the world. Some other popular treks are Annapurna Circuit, Langtang Valley, Manaslu Circuit, etc.

Sightseeing around Kathmandu

Kathmandu Valley provides a range of sightseeing within the valley. Sightseeing in Kathmandu can be covered in a single day; the four major places are Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Swyambhunath, and Bouddhanath Stupa. It takes around 5-6 hours for sightseeing inside the valley.

Besides that, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, 13km from the heart of the valley, Thamel with a cultural taste you can still see in locals. These durbar squares constitute the traditional culture, fine arts, and history, and reflect on the royal dynasty.

Moreover, sightseeing around the valley consists of other popular places i.e. Chovar, Kopan Gumpa, Bhudanilkhanta temple, Garden of Dreams, Narayanhiti Palace Museum, White Monastery, the national botanical garden, etc. Some of these places are listed as the World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Trekking and sightseeing are priorities on to-do lists in Nepal.

Pilgrimage and Religious Tour

Although Nepal is a secular state majority of people follow Hinduism. Another popular religion is Buddhism which originated in Nepal by Lord Buddha, the Light of Asia. Nepal is the base for pilgrimage tours for all religious people including Buddhists, Christians, and Islam.

Pashupatinath Temple, Manakamana Temple, Janaki Mandir, and Muktinath Temple are famous for the Hindu Pilgrimage Tour. Boudhanath Stupa, Swayambhunath Stupa, Namobuddha, Kapan, and Lumbini are popular for Buddhist Pilgrimage Tour. In addition, Jame Masjid in Rupandehi, Bhairahawa is one of the oldest of its kind in Nepal.

Jungle Safari and Hunting

Nepal is a landlocked country covered with forest and has 12 National Parks, 4 Wildlife Reserves, and 3 Conservation Areas. Most are dense tropical jungles teeming with diverse wildlife and birds.

During the safari, a four-wheeler or an elephant is used. Besides that, people do experience nature walks, bird watching, culture, and village tours.

Chitwan National Park Safari

Chitwan National Park is a biodiversity-rich area in Nepal’s Terai Lowlands. Rare mammals and a wide range of bird species can be found here. The following are some of the appealing wildlife creatures found in Chitwan National Park. Chitwan National Park is the ideal combination of peace and adventure.

Bardia National Park Safari

Bardia National Park is the largest National park in the low land of Nepal. This is also the habitat for endangered animals. The major vegetation and forest type is wooded grassland and Riverline.

These two are the major National park for jungle safari. The following species are found:

• One-horned Rhino 
• Royal Bengal Tiger
• Clouded Leopard
• Elephant
• Gaur
• Swamp Deer 
• Black Buck
• Gharial Crocodile
• Marsh Mugger
• Gangetic Dolphin

Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is only a licensed hunting reserve. This park is famous for leopard, goral, Himalayan Thar, black beer, barking deer, wild boar, rhesus macaque, langur, and mouse. The national park has an area of 1325 square km and was established in 1987 AD.

Besides mountainous adventure, jungle safari, and hunting is also major activity to do in Nepal. 

Sunrise view from different parts of Nepal

Illam is the place where the sunrise is first in Nepal. Illam has its own beauty with its tea garden and sunrise view. Also, Nagarkot is the best place for the sunrise and sunset near Kathmandu. From there we can see the eye-catching view of Mt. Everest on a clear day.

Sarangkot is also a popular tourist destination for the sunrise when it comes to sightseeing in Nepal. While you are trekking, Poonhill is the best destination for sunrise and sunset. Nepal is a mountainous country, we can explore the magnificent view of sunrise and sunset from different parts of Nepal.

Kayaking and Rafting

There are different levels of rafting in Nepal. Starting from beginner and advanced level rafting and kayaking are held in Nepal. Grade 1 up to Scale 5 rafting grades are available in Nepal. Nepal is one of the top 10 places for rafting and kayaking.

Trishuli River, Seti River, Bhote Koshi River, Kali Gandaki River, Marsyandi River, Sun Koshi River, Arun River, Karnali River, and Tamur River are the major rivers for white-water rafting. The rafting packages start from a day and can be extended per your choice.

Paragliding and Bungee

Paragliding gives you a breathtaking aerial view with that kick-off adventure. If you like flying then you can fly in the sky of Nepal with the view of mountains, lakes rivers paragliding is the best adventure option. Paragliding in Nepal depends on the weather and the season. The best season for paragliding in Nepal starts from September to early June.

Pokhara, Chapakharka, Kot Danda, Godavari, Phulchowki, and Bandipur are the major place for paragliding in Nepal. Tourists usually experience paragliding in Pokhara.

The bungee in Kushma was listed as the highest bungee jump in the world. Later, it becomes the second-highest bungee jump. The max height is 228 meters and the min-max weight is 45kg and 95kg respectively.

Besides all the activities in Nepal, bungee is a popular one in a short time period for both local and foreign tourists. Bhote Koshi Gorge, Hemja, Pokhara, and Kushma are well-known bungee sports.

Mountain Flight Over Mt Everest

If you are a mountain lover and want to explore Mt. Everest in a short time, a Mountain flight is the best way. Mountain flights operate every morning starting around 6 o’clock from Kathmandu. The flight takes you to the highest peak Mt.Everest and other smaller peaks near Everest. Mountain flight is operated by domestic airlines of Nepal and takes around 1-hour flight.

Read more on 15 of the best things to do in Nepal: experience the Himalayas where you can find possible activities in Nepal.

Highlights on Temples of Bhaktapur:

• The ancient city of Bhaktapur, also known as “Bhadgaon,” is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal.
• Bhaktapur is renowned for its stunning architecture, with centuries-old temples and palaces that are adorned with intricate carvings and paintings.
• Some of the most famous temples in Bhaktapur include the Nyatapola Temple, the Bhairava Nath Temple, and the Dattatreya Temple.
• Visitors can also explore the Bhaktapur Durbar Square, a royal palace complex that features a stunning array of temples, shrines, and courtyards.
• In addition to its cultural and historical significance, Bhaktapur is also a hub of traditional Nepali handicrafts and artisanal products, making it a great place to shop for souvenirs.

The palace lies above 1,400 meters or 4,600 ft above sea level. In addition, the durbar lies in the east of Kathmandu and is 13 km from Kathmandu. Bhaktapur Durbar Square is one of the popular sightseeing destinations. The durbar significantly represents the traditional culture, fine arts, and delicacies of the medieval age. 

History of Bhaktapur Durbar Square

The durbar comprises four main durbars: Durbar Square, Taumadhi Square, Dattatreya Square, and Pottery Square. The construction of Bhaktapur durbar square took place in the era of Malla Kings.

The main Durbar square is the 55-window Palace which was constructed by King Jitamitra Malla. The Durbar is a mixture of pagoda and shikhara-style. The Durbar temple is dedicated to Vatsala Devi.

The square is Taumadhi Square which is dedicated to Siddhi Lakshmi and was built around 1702. Another square such as Dattatreya Square was constructed by King Yaksha Malla in 1428. The pottery square was built by a potter which was later donated to the square. It was built in 1646.

Layout & Chowks

As for all the durbars, the main durbar golden gates are followed by the court named Mul Chok meaning the main entrance. Though the court is not open to the public the 55 window palace is open as a national gallery/ museum.

The durbar has two temples which are dedicated to Taleju Bhawani; the royal deity of Malla Kings and the living goddess Kumari.

Restoration & Refurbishing

The major restoration of the Bhaktapur Durbar Square took place only after the earthquake in 1934. During that time 99 courtyards were destroyed and it remained to 6 only.

There was another major challenge in 2015 when the earthquake hit durbar square impacting its roof. This turned out to damage the Vatsala Devi temple. 

Present Condition – Bhaktapur Durbar Square

The Durbar Square is open to the public and is named a national gallery. In addition, you can get a view of the medieval period of Newar culture, including delicacies and the environment.

Some of the squares such as Taumadhi Square, Dattatreya Square, and Pottery Square have now been converted into temples.

Major Attraction of Bhaktapur Durbar Square

Nge Nyapa Jhya Laaykoo (55 window palace)

The 55-window palace was built by Malla King Bhupendra Malla. The palace was completed within 58 years. 55 window palace reflects the Malla era wood carvings, art, culture, and craft.

As its name describes it has 55 windows in the palace. Also, the royal palace has a golden gate at the entrance. In addition, the palace was not open to the public until it was affected and renovated after the earthquake. Now, admirers can visit one of the iconic royal palaces of Nepal.

Bisket Jatra

Though this is more of a jatras than of a historical monument; the bisket jatra reflects the overall view of Malla culture back then in Bhaktapur. The jatra was initiated by King Jagajyoti Malla.

The 9-day jatra is worth attending as you can get insights into some unique cultures in Nepal. In addition, the jatra represents the Newari new year as per the solar calendar. Generally, people pierce their tongues and ears with a pointed thick needle. 

Along with it, the chariot of God Bhairav and Bhadrakali are made and pulled across the city commencing from the Bhairab temple of Taumadhi Tole in Bhaktapur. 

Vatsala Temple

The temple is dedicated to Durga; established as Sri Yantra and is popularly known as Vatsala Durga or Vatsala Devi. The temple lies between the royal palace and the Pashupatinath temple.

The temple was started by King Jagat Prakash Malla, later followed by other Malla Kings to complete and improve them. Vatsala Devi is made in a Shikhar style architecture followed by intense wood cravings in its nine pinnacles. This temple somehow resembles the Krishna temple of Patan Durbar.

Statue of Bhupatindra Malla

The late King Bhupatindra Malla statue is erected right in front of Vatsala Durga. The statue is made up of bronze with the king facing the temple with his hands in prayer position.

Taumadhi Square

The square is located on the premises of durbar square and is one of the durbars in Bhaktapur. Tamaudi Square was made in 1702 and has courtyards that locals use as a trade center these days. 

Dattatreya Square

Dattatreya Square has been converted to Dattatrayea Temple dedicated to the three creators of this universe Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. Originally, the square was constructed started in 1427 by King Yaksha Malla. The temple however is made from only one timber.

Pottery Square: The ground of clay arts

As the pottery square was gifted by a rich potter; the arts of pottery still exist today. Pottery Square lies to the east of Tamaudi Square. Within the sideways, you can see a lot of potters ready to sell their pots, vessels, and many more.

Nyatapola Temple

Nyatapola Temple is one of the popular Hindu temples having 5 stories in it. The pagoda-style Nyatapola is a Newari name indicating 5 stories temple.

The temple is dedicated to the goddess Siddhilaxmi. One of the interesting facts is that the temple stands still today surviving four earthquakes. Also, it took 3 generations to complete the temple. 

Bhairava Nath Temple

The temple is dedicated to Lord Bhairav and lies in between Tamaudi square. Bhairav is also a form of Lord Shiva which is fierce and quite dangerous. You can visit the temple right after you visit Nyatapola as they are almost together.

Lun Dhwākhā (Golden Gate)

The golden gate is the main entrance of the 55 window palace. The gate is followed by a courtyard that serves as a pathway in-between.

The Lun Dhwākhā is the Newari name for the golden gate. Furthermore, the golden gate was constructed by King 

Lion’s Gate

The lion’s gate is the entrance of the Simhadhwaka Durbar. The Durbar was built by King Bhupatindra Malla during the 17th century. Hence, the name of the durbar and gate was named after the lion that is in its entry path.

Mini Pashupati Temple

The mini Pashupatinath is a replica of the original Pashupati temple. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This temple was built by one of the Bhadgaun kings as the king dreamed of Pashupatinath.

Traditional Crafts

As you hover around Bhaktapur you can see arts, crafts, pottery, and many more sideways. All of the traders provide you the crafts that are crafted in traditional ways. These crafting techniques have been passed from generation to generation still keeping them alive.

Fasi Dega

Fasi Dega Temple is one of the ancient temples located in the Bhaktapur Durbar Square. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. 

Moreover, the temple collapsed during an earthquake in 1934 which left the temple on its base only. Later, the temple was constructed in a dome-shaped. The temple faced a breakdown in an earthquake of 2015 which collapse the entire temple.

Image for:https://rubinmuseum.org/page/then-and-now-bhaktapur-durbar-square 

Related:

• Kathmandu Durbar Square: The Major Attractions
• Patan Durbar Square: A Handicraft City of Kathmandu Valley

Frequently Asked Questions

The Durbar Square was the residence of the Malla Kings back in ancient times. Moreover, the Patan durbar square was made during the Malla king’s regime. You can get to see the ancient royal palace, wall cravings, statues, arts, and temples. The whole area of the durbar is paved with red bricks.

History of Patan Durbar Square

Patan Durbar Square PDS construction started from the 14th to 18th centuries. During the regime of King Siddhinarsingh Malla (1619–60), there were some major changes held in the palace. Though the history of Patan Durbar Square is not clear. But Patan was one of the prosperous cities.

The architecture of Patan is the Newar architecture. Temples and shrines are also based on the Newari structure. Patan consists of 55 temples altogether along with 136 monasteries (Buddhist). Patan follows both religions Hinduism and Buddhism.

Layout or Chowk of Durbar Square

Patan Durbar has the 3 main chowks or courtyards:

Keshav Narayan Chowk

Keshav Narayan Chowk is the entrance or walkway of the Patan Museum. The name of the chowk is based on the Keshav Narayan Temple. The chowk lies in between the temple.

Mul Chowk

Mul Chowk is known as the main entrance of the Patan. As it is the central courtyard it is the biggest among the rest two chowks.

The Chowk has different temples and statues as Vidya Temple (center) and Taleju Temple. In addition, you can view the statues of the goddesses Ganga on a tortoise, along with Jamuna, on a carved makura (mythical crocodile).

Sundari Chowk

Sundari Chowk is one of the chowks of Patan located to the south. The chowk has a sunken tank named Tusha Hiti. As per the present status, the Chowk is now a public walkway. Every corner of the entrance of the chowk has stone statues of either Hanuman, Ganesh, or Nara Singha.

As the chowk is now public, one can enjoy different delicacies and ambiance.  The nightlife of Sundari Chowk is a center of attraction as there is a gigantic self-illuminating moon. 

Restoration and Refurbishing 

The restoration or refurbishment of durbar square was done only after the earthquake in 2015. There was major destruction in Char Narayan Temple. Besides that, the patties were also damaged.

During the period, Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust (KVPT) with the help of local police and DoA (Department of Archelogy) started the restoration process by collecting the windows and doors. Then, eventually fixing every part by fencing and scaffolding as they go.

Present Condition – Patan Durbar Square

As per the present condition, the Durbar is open to visitors after the restoration is completed and also a chowk named Sundari Chowk can be used for traveling purposes.

Major Attractions of Patan Durbar Square

Krishna Mandir

Krishna Mandir is one of the major centers of attraction in Patan. This temple is dedicated to Lord Krishna and was built around 1667 (17^th century). It was built by King Siddhi Narsingh Malla. 

The three-storied temple is completely made up of stones and has 21 shrines altogether. The style of architecture of the temple is Granthakuta. In addition, the temple has stories of the Mahabharata engraved on friezes and wall ceilings.

Bhimsen Temple

Bhimsen Temple is one of the renowned temples and is worshiped by Lord Bhimsen who is believed to be the God of Business and Trade. This temple is three-storied with a rectangular base and was built by Srinivasa Malla in 1680.

The great thing about this temple is that the temple has three golden windows which are interconnected with one another and have arts and crafts carved on every wall and a window of the temple. Bhimsen is a great personality from the religious book Mahabharat.

Vishwanath Temple

Vishwanath Temple was built in 1627 by King Siddhi Narsingh Malla and is dedicated to Lord Shiva (Lord of all).  The temple is popular for its erotic carvings on the roof. 

Moreover, the temple has two stone elephants guarding the entrance. There are statues of a bull, Shiva’s vehicle and the stone linga worshiped inside the temple.

Taleju Bhawani Temple

As in the Kathmandu Durbar Square, there is a temple of Taleju Bhawani in Patan also. It was also built by King Siddhi Narsingh Malla in 1640. In 1667 there was a fire and the temple was rebuilt by Srinivasa Malla. The temple is three-storied with a shikhara style.

Taleju Bhawani is the personal deity of the Malla kings. The temple is five-storied and has triple roofs. It is believed that the temple was built in the 14th century by the Pradhanas.

Patan Museum

The part of Patan durbar square is now a museum and is open to the public after restoration. There you can see different bronze statues and swords, historical books, and religious objects. 

The museum is filled with artifacts, traditional arts, statues, and crafts from ancient times. The museum was built in 1997 by Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah.

Hiranya Varna Mahavihar

The Hiranya Varna Mahavihar is also popularly known as The Golden Temple. It is located at kwabadehu and was built by King Bhaskar Verma in the 12^th century. 

The temple is a three-storied pagoda-style temple. The temple has golden statues and images of the Lord Buddha along with a large prayer wheel. Moreover, this temple is popular for feeding rats.

Golden Window

This window was built in honor of King Siddhi Narasingha Malla for his devotion to Lord Krishna and the Buddhist God of compassion, Karunamaya Lokeshwar. 

Golden Door/Gate

The golden door of the Patan is obviously the entrance to the palace. The gate or entrance was installed in 1734. The gate is defined as a golden Torana showing Shiva, Parvati, Ganesh, and Kumar (an incarnation of Skanda, the god of war).

The timber frame above the door is also wrapped with gold foil. It is said that the king made public appearances from the golden gate.

Mahabouddha Temple

This temple is called both Mahabouddha and Mahabuddha.  The temple is an honor to Lord Buddha and the temple is a Shikhara style with five golden pinnacles. The temple represents the five basic elements of existence.

Related:

• Kathmandu Durbar Square: The Major Attractions
• Get Inspired at Swayambhunath (Monkey Temple)

Frequently Asked Questions

Out of three durbar squares situated in Kathmandu Valley; Kathmandu Durbar Square is one of the durbars located in mid of the Kathmandu valley. The word durbar represents the royal palace having temples, statues, courtyards, and many palaces.

History of Kathmandu Durbar Square

It is believed that the Kathmandu Durbar Square construction started during the early rule of Lichhavis. The durbar was named after the Lichhavi King, Gunakamadev in the 10th century as Gunapo and Gupo. The name of the palace can be found in sculptures.

Later, during the regime of Malla King Ratna Malla, the durbar was home to royals. Several constructions such as fountains, statues, and temples (Taleju temple) took place from (1484–1520). In 1769, Privithi Naryan Shah, the great King, conquered the Kathmandu valley and started living in the royal palace.

The Durbar Square host important royal functions such as the coronation of Kings. There was a major change in durbar square during the regime of the Shah and Malla dynasties. Enlargement of the durbar including its courtyard, temples, and chok, and much more construction was made.

Restoration and Refurbishing 

In 2000 the restoration process took place which was funded by World Monuments Fund (WMF). During the restoration, the focus was on the three main temples of Durbar in pagoda style. 

The main damage was in roofs that were rebuilt, and masonry repairs (wall art or wall preservation) were done. In addition, WMF preserved the architectural sculptures, and the fabrics of the plinth and pavement were restored. 

On top of it, WMF provided Nepalese professionals and artisans training in international standards of architectural documentation, research, and conservation of durbar. Hence, the restoration of the Indrapur temple was completed in 2002, the Narayan Temple in 2003, and accordingly the Jagannath Temple in 2004.

On 25 April 2015, Nepal faced an earthquake of 7.9 magnitudes which reversely affect durbar square. This resulted in making the buildings and temple weak also the Kasthamandap, one of the oldest remains of the durbar.

Present Condition: Kathmandu Durbar Square

Currently, the durbar is open to the public but only a specific part can be visited. Nepalese people visit the temples with faith and pride.

Major Attractions of Kathmandu Durbar Square

Taleju Temple

Taleju Temple, one of the popular Hindu temples, worships Taleju Bhawani. The goddess of the royal goddess of the Malla dynasty.

The temple was built in 1564 by the Malla King Mahendra Malla. The temple is open to visitors only one day a year on the 9th day of Dashain, the main festival of Nepal. To reach the temple one can go to Hanuman Dhoka, Kathmandu Durbar Square.

The Golden Door

The entrance of the Kathmandu durbar square is made up of gold; commonly known as the golden door.

Living Goddess Kumari

Goddess Kumari is one of the living goddesses in the world, an incarnation of Taleju Bhawani. You can get visit the living goddess in Kumari Ghar.

The Ghar was built by King Jaya Prakash Malla in 1757 and is located in Layaku Marg, Kathmandu. 

Trailokya Mohan Temple

The Trailokya Mohan Temple is dedicated to God Narayan/Vishnu. The temple’s walls and the roof are carved with Vaishnavite images. It is one of the tallest temples in Layaku Marg, Kathmandu. 

During Indra Jatra, the dances are performed portraying the 10 incarnations of God Vishnu. It is a five-storied temple with a Garuda statue kneeling before it. 

Kasthamandap 

Kasthamandap is the name you hear often when you talk about durbar square and it is located in Maru, Kathmandu. It is often popular with names such as Maru Satta by the locals.

It is a three-storied public wooden shelter constructed for the passerby to rest. The shelter was built around the 16^th century by King Laxmi Nara Singha Malla. It is believed that the shelter is made up of only one tree.

The great bell & two large drums

You can notice the huge bell along with the drum nearby the Taleju temple. Every day the bell is rung 108 times in the morning and the evening of the day.

Along with the bell ringing, you can hear the drums beating also. This process cut off the evil spirits.

The Image of Kal Bhairav

There is the statue or image of Kal Bhairav near Kathmandu Durbar Square. Kal Bhairav is worshipped during Jatras. The statue of Kal Bhairav is made up of a single stone.

Shiva Parvati Temple

The Shiva Parvati Temple is located in Kathmandu Durbar Square itself. It was built by Bahadur Shah. The temple has statues of Shiva and Parvati looking down from the window.

Gaddi Baithak Palace

Gaddi Baithak Palace has a neoclassical palace design. It was built by Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana in 1908. You can find the palace in Layaku, Kathmandu Durbar Square.

Opening hours and Entry fees

The opening hours of the square itself are 24/7, but some of the specific places within the square may have different operating hours. Generally, these places are open between 9 am to 6 pm. However, it’s always advisable to confirm the opening hours with the relevant authorities before your visit, as they may vary depending on the occasion or special events.

The entry fees for different nationalities are as follows:

1. Nepalese citizens: No entrance fee is charged.
2. SAARC Nationals (excluding Nepalese citizens): NPR 150 per person.
3. Other Nationals: NPR 1000 per person.

Children below the age of 10 years are usually exempted from the entry fee and don’t require an entry ticket.

The ticket fee generally covers the cost for all attractions within the square, except for the museums inside. Therefore, you won’t need to pay any additional fees for the included attractions after paying the entrance fee upfront.

Remember to carry your identification documents or proof of nationality to avail the appropriate ticket price at the ticket counter.

Guide and Tips

Here are some additional tips and guidance for your visit to Kathmandu Durbar Square:

• Plan your visit: Take some time to research and plan your visit in advance. Identify the specific attractions or landmarks you would like to see within the square and create an itinerary accordingly. This will help you make the most of your time and ensure you don’t miss out on anything important.
• Be prepared for crowds: Kathmandu Durbar Square is a popular tourist destination, especially during peak seasons and festivals. Be prepared for crowds and try to visit during non-peak hours if you prefer a quieter experience.
• Photography: The square is filled with stunning architecture, intricate carvings, and beautiful statues, making it a photographer’s paradise. However, some temples and sites may have restrictions on photography or charge a separate fee for camera usage. Respect the rules and regulations regarding photography and be mindful of other visitors while taking pictures.
• Bargaining: If you plan to shop for souvenirs or items from local vendors, be prepared for some bargaining. Bargaining is a common practice in Nepal, so don’t hesitate to negotiate prices to get a fair deal. However, remember to do it respectfully and with a friendly attitude.
• Stay hydrated: The weather in Kathmandu can be quite hot and humid, especially during the summer months. Carry a water bottle with you and stay hydrated throughout your visit.
• Respect the historical artifacts: Kathmandu Durbar Square is home to many ancient and historically significant artifacts. It’s important to respect these treasures and avoid touching or damaging them. Follow any guidelines or instructions provided by the authorities or guides to ensure the preservation of these cultural treasures.
• Learn about the history and culture: Take the opportunity to learn about the history and culture of Nepal while exploring the square. Engage with locals, ask questions, and immerse yourself in the rich heritage of the area.

By following these tips and guidelines, you can have a memorable and enjoyable experience exploring the cultural wonders of Kathmandu Durbar Square.

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1. Bhaktapur Durbar Square: The Major Attractions
2. Patan Durbar Square

Frequently Asked Questions

Every element of the temple is inspiring and carries a story behind it.

Monkey Temple: A Truth Behind It

Swayabhunath is hard to pronounce which is usually a tongue twister for foreigners. Due to this, it was named as monkey temple in 1970.

In addition, there are a lot of monkeys roaming around which Swayabhunath is called the monkey temple. The monkeys in this temple were formed from the lice of Manjushri. Therefore, the monkeys in this temple are holy.

Origin of Swayambhunath 

Swayambhu was self-originated around 2000 years ago. It is believed that the Swayambhunath emerged from the lotus flower. Manjushri, the bodhisattva of wisdom, cut the gorge that dried out the Kathmandu valley which was drowned in water. 

Later, the land dried out and offered people the religious value of the Swayambhunath. King Manadeva found Swayambhu and built it around the 13th century.

Center of attraction:- The Monkey Temple

Currently, the Swayambhunath temple maintains religious harmony among Hindus and Buddhists, the two religions.

As you get around in Swayambhu the main entrance has 365 steps where you can see side stalls selling souvenirs. These souvenirs include meditation bowls, statues of gods, necklaces, and many more.

Besides that, you can monkey hovering around you. It is better to not carry any food or any bag that can be snatched away. This monkey can reflect any aggressive behavior if you have eye contact or try to feed them.

After you climb the stairs, you should purchase a ticket to your left. Around the corner, you can view the bajra, temples, and statues.

Elements forming Swayambhunath

The main stupa of Swayambhu indicates the enlightened mind of Buddha. The structure of the stupa has an Umbrella representing the Enlightenment. The gilded spire is painted with gold. It represents the 13 steps to complete the Enlightenment.

In addition to it, the eyes of the Buddha that are on the 4 sides of the square see everywhere. The nose is written in Nepali number 1, which indicates unity. The dome which is painted white symbolizes the earth.

Apart from this, around the temple, you can view different statues of Buddha representing the fundamental elements. Akshobhya represents water. Ratnasambhava represents earth. Amitabha represents fire. Amoghasiddhi represents air. Vairocana represents ether.

Important Monuments to See

1. Stupa: The most significant monument in Swyambhunath is the Stupa, which is believed to be over 2,000 years old. It is a large, white dome-shaped structure with eyes painted on all four sides, representing Buddha’s all-seeing wisdom.
2. Harati Temple: The Harati Temple is located on the western side of the Stupa. It is dedicated to the goddess of smallpox, Harati. The temple is adorned with colorful prayer flags and small bells, and visitors can light butter lamps and offer prayers.
3. Vajra: The Vajra is a bronze thunderbolt scepter that is used in Buddhist rituals. It is displayed in a small shrine near the Stupa.
4. Buddha Park: The Buddha Park is located on the eastern side of the Stupa. It features a large statue of Buddha. This statue is surrounded by smaller statues of other deities.
5. Prayer Wheels: There are numerous prayer wheels located around the Stupa that visitors can spin while reciting prayers. It is believed that spinning the prayer wheel has the same effect as reciting the prayers.
6. Monasteries: There are several monasteries located around Swyambhunath where visitors can learn more about Buddhism and the local culture.
7. Tibetan Refugee Camp: The Tibetan Refugee Camp is located on the northern side of Swyambhunath. It is the place for hundreds of Tibetan refugees who have fled Tibet. Visitors can learn about their culture and purchase traditional Tibetan handicrafts.
8. Buddha statue on the west side of Swayambhu.
9. The Sleeping Buddha

The main Festival of Swayambhunath

Gunla

Gunla is a month-long Buddhist festival that is celebrated annually by the Newar community in Nepal. It falls in the Nepali month of Gunla, which corresponds to July/August in the Gregorian calendar.

The festival is observed mainly by the Buddhist community of the Kathmandu Valley. It is celebrated in different parts of the valley, including the ancient city of Patan, Boudhanath, and Swayambhunath.

During the festival, devotees wake up early in the morning. They visit various Buddhist monasteries, including Swayambhunath and Boudhanath. They offer prayers and make offerings. They also recite mantras, chant hymns, and light butter lamps.

One of the significant features of the Gunla festival is the playing of traditional musical instruments. These include Dhimay, Bhusyah, Jhyali, and Panchai Baja. Devotees parade through the streets playing these instruments, while others follow behind, singing and dancing.

Another important aspect of the festival is the practice of Gunla Bajan. This involves reciting religious hymns and playing musical instruments. This practice started with monks reciting sutras during the rainy season. During that time, outdoor activities were limited.

The Gunla festival is also associated with the tradition of giving alms to Buddhist monks, known as Gunla Bhuja. Devotees offer food, clothing, and other essentials to monks to accumulate merit and show their devotion to Buddhism.

Buddha Jayanti

Buddha Jayanti, also known as Vesak or Buddha Purnima, is a festival celebrated by Buddhists worldwide. It commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Gautama Buddha. It is a significant festival in Nepal. It is usually celebrated on the full moon day in the Nepali month of Baisakh (April/May).

Buddha Jayanti and the Swayambhu Jatra festival share similar themes. Both are celebrated at Swayambhunath. However, they are not the same festival. The Swayambhu Jatra is specifically a celebration of Swayambhunath. Buddha Jayanti is a broader celebration of Buddha’s life and teachings.

During Buddha Jayanti, Buddhists visit temples and shrines to offer prayers, light candles, and participate in meditation and chanting. They also perform acts of charity and kindness, such as donating food or clothing to the poor.

Lhosar

Lhosar is a festival celebrated by the Tibetan and Sherpa communities in Nepal to mark the Tibetan New Year. The festival falls in the month of February. It is one of the most significant festivals in the Tibetan calendar.

During the festival, people dress up in their traditional clothes and gather with their families and friends to celebrate. The festival is marked by feasting, dancing, and singing. It is a time for people to express their gratitude and hopes for the new year.

One of the most important aspects of the Lhosar festival is the creation of sand mandalas. These are intricate designs made with colored sand. They are believed to represent the universe. Monks spend days creating these mandalas, which are then destroyed in a ceremony symbolizing the impermanence of all things.

Another essential feature of the Lhosar festival is the traditional dance called Gumpa dance. It is performed in monasteries and other public places. The dance involves performers wearing elaborate costumes and masks, representing different deities and demons.

The festival is also marked by the preparation and sharing of traditional food. For example, Guthuk is a soup made with barley and vegetables. Khapse is a type of fried pastry.

These are the main three festivals celebrated in Swayambhu.

Things to See Around

• The main stupa of Swayambhu.
• Swayambhu Buddhist Museum
• The Chaityas courtyard
• The Stairs of Swayambhunath
• The viewpoint
• The World Peace Pond
• The Monkey Pool
• The Monasteries
• The Buddha Amideva Park

Although some tourists may visit, the Monkey Temple remains an active place of worship for locals. It’s common to see people praying and using Buddhist prayer beads on the premises.

Some frequently asked questions about Swayambhunath